Growth of Penicillium verrucosum and production of ochratoxin A on nonsterilized wheat grain incubated at different temperatures and water content.

Environmental factors affect efficacy of some essential oils and resveratrol to control growth and ochratoxin A production by Penicillium verrucosum and A. westerdijkiae on wheat grain

A simple, direct plating method, alternative to dilution plating, for estimation of the abundance of Penicillium verrucosum on incubated cereal grain.

Because dilution plating is more labor intensive than direct plating, we would like to propose the use of a direct plating technique for estimation of Penicillium verrucosum abundance in cereal grain in incubation studies, with use of very selective and indicative for the fungus agar DYSG medium. The proposed method is based on the measurement of the diameter of P. verrucosum colonies grown aro...

Ochratoxin A in Cereal Products, Potential Hazards and Prevention strategies: A Review

Mycotoxins are microbial agents which cause food or feed-borne intoxications. Mycotoxins are undesireable compounds often found in cereal grains and forages. Production of mycotoxins is dependent on environmental conditions and agricultural practices. Moisture level ranges between 13% to 18% and temperatures between 20 C and 30 C can increase fungal growth rate during growing seasons as well as...

Effects of selected essential oils on the growth and production of ochratoxin A by Penicillium verrucosum.

Essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), and pine (Abies alba Mill.) needles and cones, and their active substances thymol, carvacrol, menthol, and anisaldehyde were tested for antifungal activity against Penicillium verrucosum. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were achieved for essential oil of oregano, ...

Ochratoxin A Producing Species in the Genus Penicillium

Ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi are members of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Nowadays, there are about 20 species accepted as OTA producers, which are distributed in three phylogenetically related but distinct groups of aspergilli of the subgenus Circumdati and only in two species of the subgenus Penicillium. At the moment, P. verrucosum and P. nordicum are the only OTA producing s...